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FastAPI

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">FastAPI</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sebastián Ramírez</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">December 5, 2018 (2018-12-05)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">0.116.1<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-00c8c00049ae3112ac28756c6018b46d95694aa1-v20-2">[2]</a>

/ 11 July 2025 (11 July 2025)</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi">github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/">fastapi.tiangolo.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

FastAPI is a high-performance <a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">web framework</a> for building <a href="HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>-based service <a href="API" title="API">APIs</a> in <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> 3.8+.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> It uses Pydantic and type hints to <a href="Data_validation" title="Data validation">validate</a>, <a href="Serialization" title="Serialization">serialize</a> and deserialize data. FastAPI also automatically generates <a href="OpenAPI_Specification" title="OpenAPI Specification">OpenAPI</a> documentation for APIs built with it.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> It was first released in 2018.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pydantic">Pydantic</h3></div>

Pydantic is a data validation library for Python. While writing code in an <a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE</a>, Pydantic provides type hints based on annotations.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> FastAPI extensively utilizes Pydantic models for data validation, serialization, and automatic API documentation. These models are using standard Python type hints, providing a declarative way to specify the structure and types of data for incoming requests (e.g., HTTP bodies) and outgoing responses.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel):

name: str

price: float

is_offer: bool | None = None

@app.post("/items/")

def create_item(item: Item):

# The 'item' object is already validated and typed

return {"message": "Item received", "item_name": item.name}

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starlette">Starlette</h3></div>

Starlette is a lightweight <a href="Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">ASGI</a> framework/toolkit, to support async functionality in Python.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uvicorn">Uvicorn</h3></div>

Uvicorn is a minimal low-level server/application web server for async frameworks, following the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">ASGI specification</a>. Technically, it implements a multi-process model with one main process, which is responsible for managing a pool of worker processes and distributing incoming HTTP requests to them. The number of worker processes is pre-configured, but can also be adjusted up or down at runtime.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenAPI_integration">OpenAPI integration</h3></div>

FastAPI automatically generates <a href="OpenAPI_Specification" title="OpenAPI Specification">OpenAPI</a> documentation for APIs. This documentation includes both <a href="Swagger_(software)" title="Swagger (software)">Swagger UI</a> and ReDoc, which provide interactive API documentation that you can use to explore and test your endpoints in real time. This is particularly useful for developing, testing, and sharing APIs with other developers or users. Swagger UI is accessible by default at /docs and ReDoc at /redoc route.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asynchronous_operations">Asynchronous operations</h3></div>

FastAPI's architecture inherently supports asynchronous programming. This design allows the <a href="Global_interpreter_lock" title="Global interpreter lock">single-threaded</a> <a href="Event_loop" title="Event loop">event loop</a> to handle a large number of concurrent requests efficiently, particularly when dealing with I/O-bound operations like database queries or external API calls. For reference, see <a href="Async/await" title="Async/await">async/await pattern</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dependency_injection">Dependency injection</h3></div>

FastAPI incorporates a <a href="Dependency_injection" title="Dependency injection">Dependency Injection (DI)</a> system to manage and provide services to HTTP endpoints. This mechanism allows developers to declare components such as database sessions or authentication logic as function parameters. FastAPI automatically resolves these dependencies for each request, injecting the necessary instances.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status

from db import DbSession

# --- Dependency for Database Session ---

def get_db():

db = DbSession()

try:

yield db

finally:

db.close()

@app.post("/items/", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

def create_item(name: str, description: str, db: DbSession = Depends(get_db)):

new_item = Item(name=name, description=description)

db.add(new_item)

db.commit()

db.refresh(new_item)

return {"message": "Item created successfully!", "item": new_item}

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")

def read_item(item_id: int, db: DbSession = Depends(get_db)):

item = db.query(Item).filter(Item.id == item_id).first()

if item is None:

raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Item not found")

return item

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WebSockets_support">WebSockets support</h3></div>

<a href="WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a> allow full-duplex communication between a client and the server. This capability is fundamental for applications requiring continuous data exchange, such as instant messaging platforms, live data dashboards, or multiplayer online games. FastAPI leverages the underlying Starlette implementation, allowing for efficient management of connections and message handling.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre># You must have 'websockets' package installed

from fastapi import WebSocket

@app.websocket("/ws")

async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):

await websocket.accept()

while True:

data = await websocket.receive_text()

await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}")

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_tasks">Background tasks</h3></div>

FastAPI enables the execution of background tasks after an HTTP response has been sent to the client. This allows the API to immediately respond to user requests while simultaneously processing non-critical or time-consuming operations in the background. Typical applications include sending email notifications, updating caches, or performing data post-processing.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import time

import shutil

from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, UploadFile, File

from utils import generate_thumbnail

@app.post("/upload-image/")

async def upload_image(

image: UploadFile = File(...),

background_tasks: BackgroundTasks

):

file_location = f"uploaded_images/{image.filename}"

# Save uploaded image

with open(image_path, "wb") as f:

contents = await file.read()

f.write(contents)

# Add thumbnail generation as a background task

tasks.add_task(generate_thumbnail, file_location, "200x200")

return {"message": f"Image '{image.filename}' uploaded. Thumbnail generation started in background."}

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example">Example</h2></div>

The following code shows a simple web application that displays "<a href="%22Hello%2C_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">Hello World</a>!" when visited:

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre># Import FastAPI class from the fastapi package

from fastapi import FastAPI

# Create an instance of the FastAPI app

app = FastAPI()

# Define a GET route for the root URL ("/")

@app.get("/")

async def read_root() -> str:

# Return a plain text response

return "Hello, World!"

</pre></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Django_(web_framework)" title="Django (web framework)">Django (web framework)</a></li>

<li><a href="Flask_(web_framework)" title="Flask (web framework)">Flask (web framework)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pylons_project" title="Pylons project">Pylons project</a></li>

<li><a href="Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado (web server)</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_server-side_web_frameworks#Python" title="Comparison of server-side web frameworks">Comparison of server-side web frameworks § Python</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python (programming language)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/">Official website</a> </li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi">fastapi</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</ol></div>

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</style><div id="Python_web_frameworks122" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> <a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">web frameworks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CherryPy" title="CherryPy">CherryPy</a></li>

<li><a href="CubicWeb" title="CubicWeb">CubicWeb</a></li>

<li><a href="Django_(web_framework)" title="Django (web framework)">Django</a></li>

<li><a href="Flask_(web_framework)" title="Flask (web framework)">Flask</a></li>

<li><a href="Nevow" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevow">Nevow</a></li>

<li><a href="Pylons_project#Pylons_Framework" title="Pylons project">Pylons</a></li>

<li><a href="Pylons_project#Pyramid" title="Pylons project">Pyramid</a></li>

<li><a href="Quixote_(web_framework)" title="Quixote (web framework)">Quixote</a></li>

<li><a href="Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li>

<li><a href="TurboGears" title="TurboGears">TurboGears</a></li>

<li><a href="Twisted_(software)" title="Twisted (software)">TwistedWeb</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_server-side_web_frameworks#Python" title="Comparison of server-side web frameworks">Comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_frameworks386" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Web_frameworks386" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web frameworks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_server-side_web_frameworks" title="Comparison of server-side web frameworks">Comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data" title="ASP.NET Dynamic Data">Dynamic Data</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">Razor</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">Web Forms</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Blazor" title="Blazor">Blazor</a></li>

<li><a href="MonoRail_(software)" title="MonoRail (software)">MonoRail</a></li>

<li><a href="Umbraco" title="Umbraco">Umbraco</a></li>

<li><a href="WebSharper" title="WebSharper">WebSharper</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CppCMS" title="CppCMS">CppCMS</a></li>

<li><a href="Drogon_(software)" title="Drogon (software)">Drogon</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Adobe_ColdFusion" title="Adobe ColdFusion">ColdFusion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ColdBox_Platform" title="ColdBox Platform">ColdBox Platform</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Servant_(web_framework)" title="Servant (web framework)">Servant</a></li>

<li><a href="Yesod_(web_framework)" title="Yesod (web framework)">Yesod</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AppFuse" title="AppFuse">AppFuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Grails_(framework)" title="Grails (framework)">Grails</a></li>

<li><a href="ICEfaces" title="ICEfaces">ICEfaces</a></li>

<li><a href="JHipster" title="JHipster">JHipster</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_Faces#JSF_and_Ajax" title="Jakarta Faces">Mojarra</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Application_Platform" title="Remote Application Platform">Remote Application Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Sling" title="Apache Sling">Sling</a></li>

<li><a href="Spring_Framework#Model-view-controller_framework" title="Spring Framework">Spring</a></li>

<li><a href="Stripes_(framework)" title="Stripes (framework)">Stripes</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Struts" title="Apache Struts">Struts</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Tapestry" title="Apache Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaadin" title="Vaadin">Vaadin</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Wicket" title="Apache Wicket">Wicket</a></li>

<li><a href="WaveMaker" title="WaveMaker">WaveMaker</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a>/<a href="AngularJS" title="AngularJS">AngularJS</a></li>

<li><a href="Backbone.js" title="Backbone.js">Backbone.js</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Closure_Tools" title="Google Closure Tools">Closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Dojo_Toolkit" title="Dojo Toolkit">Dojo Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="Ember.js" title="Ember.js">Ember.js</a></li>

<li><a href="Express.js" title="Express.js">Express.js</a></li>

<li><a href="Fastify" title="Fastify">Fastify</a></li>

<li><a href="JQuery" title="JQuery">jQuery</a></li>

<li><a href="Knockout.js" class="mw-redirect" title="Knockout.js">Knockout.js</a></li>

<li><a href="Meteor_(web_framework)" title="Meteor (web framework)">Meteor</a></li>

<li><a href="MooTools" title="MooTools">MooTools</a></li>

<li><a href="NestJS" title="NestJS">NestJS</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenUI5" title="OpenUI5">OpenUI5</a></li>

<li><a href="Prototype_JavaScript_Framework" title="Prototype JavaScript Framework">Prototype</a></li>

<li><a href="React_(software)" title="React (software)">React</a></li>

<li><a href="Remix_(web_framework)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remix (web framework)">Remix</a></li>

<li><a href="Sencha_Touch" title="Sencha Touch">Sencha Touch</a></li>

<li><a href="SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li>

<li><a href="Svelte" title="Svelte">Svelte</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catalyst_(software)" title="Catalyst (software)">Catalyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Dancer_(software)" title="Dancer (software)">Dancer</a></li>

<li><a href="Maypole_framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Maypole framework">Maypole</a></li>

<li><a href="Mojolicious" title="Mojolicious">Mojolicious</a></li>

<li><a href="WebGUI" title="WebGUI">WebGUI</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CakePHP" title="CakePHP">CakePHP</a></li>

<li><a href="CodeIgniter" title="CodeIgniter">CodeIgniter</a></li>

<li><a href="Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a></li>

<li><a href="EZ_Publish" title="EZ Publish">eZ Publish</a></li>

<li><a href="FuelPHP" title="FuelPHP">FuelPHP</a></li>

<li><a href="Gyroscope_(software)" title="Gyroscope (software)">Gyroscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Horde_(software)" title="Horde (software)">Horde</a></li>

<li><a href="Joomla" title="Joomla">Joomla!</a></li>

<li><a href="Laminas" title="Laminas">Laminas</a></li>

<li><a href="Laravel" title="Laravel">Laravel</a></li>

<li><a href="Midgard_(software)" title="Midgard (software)">Midgard</a></li>

<li><a href="Phalcon_(framework)" title="Phalcon (framework)">Phalcon</a></li>

<li><a href="PHP-Fusion" title="PHP-Fusion">PHP-Fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="PRADO_(framework)" title="PRADO (framework)">PRADO</a></li>

<li><a href="ProcessWire" title="ProcessWire">ProcessWire</a></li>

<li><a href="Qcodo" title="Qcodo">Qcodo</a></li>

<li><a href="Silverstripe_CMS" title="Silverstripe CMS">Silverstripe</a></li>

<li><a href="Symfony" title="Symfony">Symfony</a></li>

<li><a href="WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a></li>

<li><a href="XOOPS" title="XOOPS">XOOPS</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Zope#BlueBream" title="Zope">BlueBream</a></li>

<li><a href="CherryPy" title="CherryPy">CherryPy</a></li>